THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE DEFICIENCY Part of “CHAPTER 17 – HYPOPITUITARISM“ Symptoms and signs of secondary hypothyroidism are similar to those seen with primary hypothyroidism, although they often are milder. The essential…
ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN DEFICIENCY Part of “CHAPTER 17 – HYPOPITUITARISM“ The HPA axis is the most crucial and may be the most challenging pituitary axis to evaluate, because symptoms and signs of…
PATHOGENESIS OF HYPOPITUITARISM Part of “CHAPTER 17 – HYPOPITUITARISM“ Table 17-1 lists many of the causes of hypopituitarism. There are no reliable statistics for the percentage of patients in each…
HYPOPITUITARISM Joseph J. Pinzone The pituitary gland comprises anterior and posterior divisions. The anterior pituitary gland secretes adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), growth…
GONADOTROPE ADENOMAS OF THE PITUITARY Part of “CHAPTER 16 – PITUITARY GONADOTROPINS AND THEIR DISORDERS“ Many pituitary adenomas, previously classified as nonfunctional, produce gonadotropins or their subunits.79 Indeed, as many…
GONADAL EFFECTS OF GONADOTROPINS Part of “CHAPTER 16 – PITUITARY GONADOTROPINS AND THEIR DISORDERS“ The only known bioeffects of LH and FSH are in the gonads. LH and FSH stimulate…
LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD Part of “CHAPTER 16 – PITUITARY GONADOTROPINS AND THEIR DISORDERS“ LH and FSH circulate in blood predominantly in the monomeric form found…
EFFECTS OF GONADAL HORMONES ON GONADOTROPINS Part of “CHAPTER 16 – PITUITARY GONADOTROPINS AND THEIR DISORDERS“ GONADAL STEROIDS Gonadal steroids and proteins exert direct pituitary effects on gonadotropin secretion along…
THERAPEUTIC USEFULNESS OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE–RELEASING HORMONE Part of “CHAPTER 16 – PITUITARY GONADOTROPINS AND THEIR DISORDERS“ GnRH and its agonist analogs are important in the treatment of GnRH deficiency states,…
