Fig. 7.1 Urinary trypsin inhibitors are release from non-inhibitory pro-inhibitors. (Step 1) Serine proteases of the trypsin family (Elastase, Cathepsin, Tryptase, Trypsin, Kallikrein, Thrombin, Plasmin and Factors VII & X)…
Fig. 1.1 Diabetes impact on health care cost. The increase in obesity in the U.S. over the last 30 years has increased to more than 25 % of the population…
Fig. 2.1 The Complement Activation Pathways and its regulators. The Complement System: The classical pathway is initiated by immune complexes that activate C1. Activated C1 then recruits C4 and C2…
Protein and Exposure level (μg/mL)a Intra-cellular signals Bik Adpn AdipoR1357-375 Calcium (nM)b MAPK p38c (% change) MAPK ERKc (% change) 0 0 0 93 8 % 0 % 0 20…
Cell typea – Trypsinb (μg/mg protein) Trypsin Inhibitorsc, d (μg/mg protein) DPP-4e (ng/mg protein) Proximal tubular Supernatant 132 8.9 2.2 Pellet 243 15.2 19.3 Glomerular mesangial Pellet 17 2.4 32.4…
Fig. 4.1 Effects of AdipoR1 CTF344-375 on the activities of ADAM17/TACE. Synthetic peptide Adiponectin Receptor C terminal fragment 32 mer peptide (AdipoR1 CTF344-375) at concentrations of 0–50 μg/mL was incubated…
Variable Patients with AKI (n = 15) Patients without AKI (n = 21) P value Age in years 63.8 ± 7.88 67.4 ± 7.18 0.87 Gender (male (%)) 11 (73) 6 (29) 0.20 Diabetes (%) 11 (73) 15…
Hyperglycemia Obesity Inflammation Liver ↑ Glucose production ↑ Insulin ↑ ROS ↑ AGE ↓ Fatty acid oxidation ↑Hyperglycemia ↑Insulin resistance ↑Cytokines/chemokines ↑Fatty acids (fatty liver) ↑ Innate immune cells…
Fig. 3.1 Adiponectin Receptor System. In normal patients, the adiponectin receptor system allows adiponectin to reduce glucose production in the liver (AdipoR2) and causes glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation in…
Specimen type Patient group – Ig CTF ng/mL n Aver sd min max Serum Normal 25 322.5 173.4 55.5 778.8 Serum Liver disease 23 1141.2 1514.3 293.8 6854.7 Serum Breast…
