Adrenal Gland Imaging
CT is currently the primary method of imaging the adrenal gland, both for evaluating patients with abnormal adrenal function and for demonstrating adrenal anatomy in patients with incidentally discovered adrenal…
Endocrine Testing
Endocrine-Related Autoantibody Tests Catecholamines Gastrointestinal Hormone–Related Tests Gonad Function Tests Growth and Growth Hormone Tests Hypothalamic-Pituitary Tests Parathyroid/Bone Tests Renal and Fluid-Balance Tests Thyroid Function Tests Genetic Tests Adrenal Dynamic…
Regulation of Intermediatory Metabolism During Fasting and Feeding
Because the major storage form of energy in the body is fat, but the brain and other neural tissues have an obligate need for glucose, the body must have a…
Adrenal Causes of Hypercortisolism
FIGURE 102-1. Age distribution in adrenal Cushing’s syndrome according to etiology, depicted as percentage of patients at different ages: adenoma (-◊-), carcinoma (-•-), PPNAD (…….), and AIMAH (- – –…
Surgery of the Thyroid
FIGURE 95-1. The dramatic case of Maria Richsel, the first patient with postoperative myxedema to have come to Kocher’s attention. A, The child and her younger sister before the operation….
Disorders of Prolactin Secretion and Prolactinomas
FIGURE 18-1. Selective antiestrogen treatment inhibits pituitary tumor growth in vivo. Pretreatment (baseline) and posttreatment tumor volumes and serum prolactin (PRL) levels after mini osmotic pumps infusion of vehicle or…
Somatic Growth and Maturation
FIGURE 25-1. Growth hormone (GH) regulatory axis: Major factors regulating GH release. GH is secreted after the integration of diverse hypothalamic stimuli. It stimulates insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) production by…
Parathyroid Hormone and Parathyroid Hormone–Related Peptide in the Regulation of Calcium Homeostasis and Bone Development
FIGURE 56-1. The parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) receptor interacts with indistinguishable efficiency and efficacy with PTH and PTHrP, and it activates at least two distinct second messenger systems, cyclic…
Bone Density and Imaging of Osteoporosis
FIGURE 68-1. Hip fracture incidence as a function of BMD measured at the hip, spine, and forearm in postmenopausal women. (Data from Cummings SR, Black DM, Nevitt MC, et al: Bone…
Adrenal Surgery
Although the question is not settled, there is a growing consensus in the literature that minimally invasive techniques may be employed for excision of primary adrenal malignancy in appropriately selected…
