SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS Part of “CHAPTER 76 – ADRENOCORTICAL INSUFFICIENCY“ The symptoms and signs of primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency can be categorized as related to the chronic and acute…

SECONDARY ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY Part of “CHAPTER 76 – ADRENOCORTICAL INSUFFICIENCY“ Secondary adrenal insufficiency has three causes: adrenal suppression after exogenous glucocorticoid or ACTH administration, adrenal suppression after the correction of…

PRIMARY ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY Part of “CHAPTER 76 – ADRENOCORTICAL INSUFFICIENCY“ The two main causes of primary adrenal disease are tuberculosis and autoimmune adrenal destruction.1 The latter is a component of…

SYNDROMES OF ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY Part of “CHAPTER 76 – ADRENOCORTICAL INSUFFICIENCY“

ADRENOCORTICAL INSUFFICIENCY D. Lynn Loriaux SYNDROMES OF ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY PRIMARY ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY

TREATMENT OF CUSHING DISEASE Part of “CHAPTER 75 – CUSHING SYNDROME“ Optimal treatment of Cushing disease depends on an accurate diagnosis of the underlying pathology. Four approaches are used in…

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF CUSHING-TYPE HYPERCORTISOLISM AND PSEUDO–CUSHING SYNDROME Part of “CHAPTER 75 – CUSHING SYNDROME“ The biochemical and phenotypic presentation of patients with mild hypercortisolism in Cushing syndrome is often…

PSEUDO–CUSHING SYNDROME Part of “CHAPTER 75 – CUSHING SYNDROME“ Hypercortisolism may exist in patients who do not have true Cushing syndrome. These patients experience obesity, depression, alcoholism, anorexia nervosa, bulimia,…

ANATOMIC LOCALIZATION Part of “CHAPTER 75 – CUSHING SYNDROME“ DETECTION OF PITUITARY LESIONS After the diagnosis of Cushing disease has been established on clinical and biochemical grounds, the presence of…

DIAGNOSIS Part of “CHAPTER 75 – CUSHING SYNDROME“ STANDARD DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION A biochemical evaluation of Cushing syndrome is necessary for confirming the clinical diagnosis and for determining the presence of…