The placenta in diabetes in pregnancy
NORMAL DEVELOPMENT The placenta is a complex organ that is essential for fetal growth and development. It fulfils a wide spectrum of functions, among which the transport of maternal fuels…
Insulin regimens in pregnancy
BACKGROUND Before the advent of insulin in 1922, pregnancy in a woman who had diabetes was uncommon and perinatal mortality rates ranged from 40% to 60%. While the discovery of…
Historical context of hyperglycemia in pregnancy
It is impossible to say how many of the women really had true diabetes mellitus in a severe form, as the data are lacking, but it is fairly certain that…
Pathophysiology of diabetes in pregnancy
MATERNAL METABOLIC ADAPTATION TO PREGNANCY Pregnancy is a period of significant maternal metabolic adaptations. Teleologically, the changes in maternal anatomy and physiology are thought to occur to support the growth…
