John C. Watkinson and David M. Scott-Coombes (eds.)Tips and Tricks in Endocrine Surgery201410.1007/978-1-4471-2146-6_17 © Springer-Verlag London 2014 17. Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Caroline Connolly1 and John Glaholm1 (1) Department of Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Cancer Centre, Edgbaston, Birmingham,…
Medullary thyroid cancer (100 %) Pheochromocytoma (50 %) Multiple neuroma of lip, tongue, and buccal mucosa (>90 %) Prominent corneal nerve fibers Ganglioneuromatosis of the GI tract (producing constipation) Marfanoid…
Royal College of Pathologists-modified BTA nomenclature US Bethesda System (BSRTC) Risk of malignancy (%) Thy1: Nondiagnostic I: Nondiagnostic 0–10 Virtually acellular specimen Other (blood, clotting artifacts, etc.) Thy1c: Nondiagnostic –…
Syndrome Gene (chromosome)a,b Clinical manifestations % With PHEO % Bilateral von Hippel-Lindauc VHL (3p25-p26) PHEO, cerebellar hemangioblastoma, retinal angiomas, renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic cysts, pancreatic NETs in 5–10 % 10–20…
Simple(nontoxic) goiter Multinodular Solitary thyroid nodule Follicular adenoma Thyroid cyst Toxic goiter Diffuse (Graves’ disease) Toxic multinodular (Plummer’s disease) Solitary toxic adenoma Inflammatory goiter Acute suppurative thyroiditis Subacute (painless) lymphocytic,…
Classification Finding 0 No goiter palpable or visible 1a Goiter detected by palpation only 1b Goiter palpable and visible with neck extended 2 Goiter visible with neck in normal position…
Fig. 7.1 Patient position for posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy The patient is positioned prone with hips and knees flexed, with the side of surgery as near to the side of the…
Amiloride Estrogen (combined oral contraceptive pill, hormone replacement therapy) Diuretics ACE inhibitors Angiotensin II receptor blockers Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers Heparin Lithium Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Plasma renin activity will…
Causes of primary hyperaldosteronism Percentage of cases Remarks Aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) ~35 % Original pathology described by Conn Bilateral idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia (BAH) ~60 % – Primary unilateral adrenal hyperplasia…
Pearls Pitfalls All patients should be discussed in a multidisciplinary team (MDT) meeting Be sure that the imaging is contemporaneous as some adrenal metastases have a rapid doubling time (esp…
