Appropriate use of medications in the elderly
In elderly patients with a SCr less than 1 mg/dL, a value of “1” should be used for the SCr in this equation to avoid overestimating CrCl. Although the Cockcroft-Gault formula…
The biology of aging
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> Chapter 2 The biology of aging Allyson K. Palmer, BA, and James L. Kirkland, MD, PhD Reichel’s Care of the Elderly, 7th Edition, ed. Jan Busby-Whitehead…
Prevention and screening
Figure 4.1 Sequential administration and recommended intervals for PCV13 and PPSV23 for adults aged ≥65 years – ACIP, United States.[13] PCV13: 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; PPSV23: 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine….
Recent Advances in Thyroid Surgery
Fig. 28.1 The position of the incisions. (a) One 2 cm incision is made 1 cm above the sternal notch (a) or close to the position of the tumor (b)….
Localization and Imaging of Pituitary Tumors
Pros Cons No radiation Claustrophobia Multiplanar Non-MRI-compatible metal Excellent soft tissue details Cost Better resolution Tissue differentiation MRI Protocol T1 sagittal Dual-echo axial Pre- and post-contrast high-resolution T1 sagittal and…
Renal Hyperparathyroidism
Fig. 36.1 Calciphylaxis in the lower limb Better medical control and the introduction of calcimimetics have significantly reduced the need for parathyroidectomy, but it is estimated that up to 10…
Parathyroidectomy: Indications for Surgery and Localization
Figs. 32.1, 32.2, and 32.3 Small mediastinal parathyroid adenoma on a contrast-enhanced CT Figs. 32.4a, b, and 32.5 Parathyroid adenoma demonstrated on ultrasound Fig. 32.6 (a, b) T1-weighted MRIs of…
Hypophysectomy
Fig. 40.1 Coronal T1 MRI showing a giant pituitary multicystic macroadenoma The sphenoid sinuses are variable in size and shape and are normally asymmetrical. Preoperative imaging gives the surgeon a…
Assessment of Hyperparathyroidism
Fig. 31.1 Calcium homeostasis – the role of PTH and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D Classification of Hyperparathyroidism Primary Autonomous PTH secretion (single adenoma in 80–90 %, hyperplasia in 10–15 %, double adenoma…
Lymph Node Surgery for Thyroid Cancer
Level Nodes Lateral compartment I Submental and submandibular nodes II Deep cervical nodes from the skull base to the level of the hyoid. Further divided by the relationship to the…
