Trials are ordered by their date of publication A atorvastatin, F fluvastatin, L lovastatin, P pravastatin, R rosuvastatin, S simvastatin, LDL-C LDL cholesterol, CHD coronary heart disease, 4D Die Deutsche Diabetes Dialyse Studie, A to Z Aggrastat to Zocor, AFCAPS/TexCAPS Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study, ALERT Assessment of Lescol in Renal Transplantation, ALLHAT-LLT Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial, ALLIANCE Aggressive Lipid-Lowering Initiation Abates New Cardiac Events, ASCOT-LLA Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial–Lipid Lowering Arm, ASPEN Atorvastatin Study for Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease Endpoints in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, AURORA A Study to Evaluate the Use of Rosuvastatin in Subjects on Regular Hemodialysis: An Assessment of Survival and Cardiovascular Events, CARDS Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study, CARE Cholesterol And Recurrent Events, GISSI-HF Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell’Insufficienza cardiac, GISSI–P Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell’Infarto Miocardico, HPS Heart Protection Study, IDEAL Incremental Decrease in End Points Through Aggressive Lipid Lowering Study Group, JUPITER Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin study group, LIPID Long–term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease, LIPS Lescol Intervention Prevention Study, MEGA Management of Elevated Cholesterol in the Primary Prevention Group of Adult Japanese Study Group, Post-CABG Post-Coronary Artery Bypass Graft, PROSPER PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk, PROVE-IT Pravastatin or Atorvastatin Evaluation and Infection Therapy, SEARCH Study of the Effectiveness of Additional Reductions in Cholesterol and Homocysteine, SSSS Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study, TNT Treating to New Targets, WOSCOPS West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study a Estimated with standard Kaplan–Meier methods, with patients censored at their date of death b History of MI or other symptomatic CHD c History of intracerebral bleed, transient ischaemic attack, ischaemic stroke, unknown stroke, peripheral artery disease or heart failure (if known) dIncludes 382 randomised patients who were excluded from the trialists’ primary publication e Median follow-up, and mean age, baseline LDL-C and LDL-C difference at 1 year are weighted by the trial-specific variances of the observed logrank (o-e) statistic for major vascular events f These three trials did not have active run-in periods; the values shown are the estimated on-treatment LDL cholesterol levels in the standard statin group