5 Clinical Examples Analogy of Western Diagnoses with Syndromes in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Physical and/or Emotional Fatigue Any form of treatment for the disorders above, including the use of nutritional therapy, needs to be preceded by a clear diagnosis by a trained TCM practitioner. Treatment should never take place without a prior consultation with the treating physician. The analogies between Western diagnoses and syndromes in TCM are not limited to the disorders discussed in this book. These are intended as a starting point for connecting Eastern and Western medical systems.
Respiratory Tract Disorders
Main Symptom: Colds
Acute cases of flu | Wind–cold fettering the lung (feng han shu fei) |
Acute bronchitis | Wind–heat invading the lung (feng re fan fei) |
Bronchitis, sinusitis, with yellow secretion | Phlegm–heat obstructing the lung (tan re zu fei) |
According to TCM:
Cough (ke sou) and phlegm–rheum (tan yin) develop through the assault of external pathogenic factors, mostly cold, which block the flow of qi. These primarily occur due to lung, spleen, and kidney vacuity.
Nutritional therapy, along with acupuncture and herbal therapy, can produce very good results during the onset, as well as the subsequent course of the disorder.
Acute Case of Flu
Wind–Cold Fettering the Lung (Feng Han Shu Fei) Wind–Cold Cough (Feng Han Ke Sou)
Symptoms
Stuffy or runny nose, with clear, watery phlegm, sneezing, cough, aversion to cold, aching limbs, headache, sore throat.
Tongue: | Thin white fur |
Pulse: | Superficial, weak |
Causes
External invasion of wind–cold into the lung due to weak defense qi. Lung function and flow of qi are impaired by cold.
Therapy
Clear body surface
Expel wind and cold
Avoid:
Raw, cold, and cool foods, and dairy products (they encourage phlegm disorders).
Recommended:
Thermal nature | Hot and warm |
Organ network | Lung, spleen/pancreas |
Direction | Floating |
Preparation methods | Boiled, fried |
Flavor | Acrid |
Vegetables | Green onions, coriander |
Beverages | Spiced tea, mulled wine, grog (beverage with rum, hot water, and sugar), whiskey |
Spices | Aniseed, chili, ginger, garlic, pepper, rosemary, thyme (loosens phlegm, disinfects), cinnamon |
Ginger tea: Place thumb-sized pieces of ginger in0.5 L (two cups) of water, simmer for about 20 minutes; drink while warm; add licorice for sore throat Mulled wine Spiced tea (Yogi tea with pepper, ginger, cardamom, and cinnamon) |
At the first onset of sneezing, shivering, and cold symptoms, expel cold and wind with hot and spicy foods for one day.
Decoction of spring onions and ginger Chili con carne |
As soon as symptoms shift from wind–cold to wind–heat (possibly overnight), with the predominant symptom of fever with sweating, immediately change nutritional therapy and choose cool and cold foods.
Acute Bronchitis
Wind–Heat Invading the Lung (Feng Re Fan Fei)
Symptoms
Burning sore throat, frequent cough, yellow secretion, fever, aversion to cold, stuffy nose, aching body and aching limbs, headaches.
Tongue: | Thin yellow fur |
Pulse: | Superficial, fast |
Causes
Wind–heat attacks on the lung, summer flu, weakened defense qi or next stage of a wind–cold attack on the lung (transformation from cold to heat can occur within a few hours).
Therapy
Clear surface
Dispel wind–heat
Avoid:
Warm and hot foods, dairy products (encourage congestion).
Recommended:
Thermal nature | Cool, possibly a little cold |
Phase | Metal, earth |
Flavor | Acrid, bitter, possibly a little sweet |
Preparation methods | Raw, boiled, steamed |
Fruit | Pears, watermelons |
Vegetables | Chinese (napa) cabbage, mung beans (sprouts even cooler), radish, black soybeans, dandelion |
Beverages | Pear juice (for dryness, sore throat, and phlegm), green tea, peppermint tea |
Grains | Wheat |
Spices | Chinese chrysanthemum blossoms, mulberry leaves, salt/salt water |
Soy products | Tofu |
Relief during initial stage: Concentrated peppermint tea, Chinese chrysanthemum blossom tea Dry cough: Pear juice Sore throat: Figs, fresh lemon juice Cough relief and loosening of phlegm: Roasted almonds with salt Cough and loss of voice: Fresh radish juice and ginger |
Bronchitis, Sinusitis with Yellow Secretion
Phlegm–Heat Obstructing the Lung (Tan Re Zu Fei)
Symptoms
Cough with copious yellow, possibly green, sputum; bloating and feeling of pressure in chest, exhaustion, lack of appetite, soft stools.
Tongue: Red, with thick, sticky, yellow fur
Pulse: Fast, slippery
Causes
Long-term damage or constitutional vacuity of lung qi, combined with a spleen qi vacuity, promotes the formation of dampness and phlegm; inappropriate diet, excess of fatty, hot dishes.
Therapy
Loosen phlegm
Clear heat
Avoid:
Dairy products (promote congestion), bananas, alcoholic beverages, reduce consumption of meat.
Recommended:
Thermal nature | Neutral and cool, later neutral and warm to supplement the spleen |
Organ network | Lung, spleen |
Flavor | Slightly acrid, slightly sweet, salty (transforms phlegm) |
Preparation methods | Raw, boiled, steamed |
Mucolytic (decongesting) and transforming: | |
Fruit | Pears, lemons |
Beverages | Green tea |
Grains | Soybeans |
Vegetables | Bamboo sprouts, radish, red marine algae (dulse) |
Cooling effect on lung: | |
Vegetables | Bamboo sprouts, watercress, radish, celery root (celeriac), asparagus |
Beverages | Peppermint tea, green and black tea |
Supplement spleen and remove dampness: | |
Grains | Millet, rice |
Cough with phlegm: | |
Vegetables | Button or crimini/portobella mushrooms |
Nuts and seeds | Pine nuts, salt-roasted almonds |
Tip: Recurrent bronchial and sinus “phlegm conditions” respond very well to reducing the consumption of dairy products and meat.
Bronchitis/Chronic Bronchitis
Chronic lung function impairment; recurrent bronchitis/chronic bronchitis | Lung qi vacuity |
Chronic bronchitis with phlegm production (and phlegm retention in lung) | Lung qi or spleen qi vacuity |
Chronic bronchitis with constitutional lung function impairment | Lung yin and kidney yin vacuity |
According to TCM:
Cough “ke sou” and phlegm “tan yin” are caused by chronic vacuity of lung, spleen, and kidney. Treatment should primarily consist of acupuncture and herbal therapy, accompanied by dietary measures. Over a longer period (weeks to months), nutritional therapy can noticeably strengthen organ function and reduce formation of phlegm.
Chronic bronchitis is primarily a mixed syndrome of the above-mentioned primary syndromes. Treatment should target the primary syndrome. Treatment principles for nutritional therapy are supplementing the spleen for phlegm reduction and supplementing the lung and kidney to make up for chronic vacuity.
Chronic Lung Function Impairment; Recurrent Bronchitis/Chronic Bronchitis
Lung Qi Vacuity
Symptoms
Weak cough; thin, clear sputum; spontaneous perspiration, fatigue, susceptibility to infection.
Tongue: | Pale |
Pulse: | Weak |
Causes
Protracted and persistent cough weakens lung qi; constitutional weakness; general exhaustion (especially in old age).
Therapy
Supplement lung
Avoid:
Raw, cool, and cold foods, and bitter flavor.
Recommended:
Thermal nature | Neutral and warm |
Organ network | Lung, spleen |
Flavor | Slightly acrid, slightly sweet |
Preparation methods | Boiled, steamed, fried |
Meat | Duck |
Fish | Carp |
Fruit | Grapes |
Vegetables | Cauliflower, carrots, onions |
Grains | Oats, short-grain (glutinous) rice |
Spices | Aniseed, ginger, garlic, rosemary, thyme |
Nuts and seeds | Chestnuts, almonds, black sesame, sunflower seeds, walnuts |
Other | Alcoholic beverages |
Congee (see p. 117) with rice, onion, and ginger |
Chronic Bronchitis with Phlegm Production (and Phlegm Retention in Lung)
Spleen Qi Vacuity and Lung Qi Vacuity
Symptoms
Cough with excessive white sputum, sensation of fullness in chest, fatigue, lack of appetite, soft stools.
Tongue: | Whitish, slimy fur |
Pulse: | Slippery |
Causes
Protracted or constitutional damage to lung qi, chronic spleen qi vacuity caused by inappropriate diet and overwork.
Therapy
Transform phlegm
Supplement spleen
Supplement lung
Avoid:
Raw, cold, and cool foods; dairy products, excess sweets, excess meat.
Recommended:
(see “Lung Qi Vacuity,” p. 79)
Thermal nature | Neutral and warm |
Organ network | Spleen, heart, lung |
Flavor | Slightly sweet, slightly bitter, slightly acrid |
Preparation methods | Boiled, fried, steamed |
Transform phlegm: | |
Fruit | Pears, cherries, apples |
Vegetables | Leeks, radish |
Grains | Millet |
Spices | Ginger, garlic |
Supplement spleen: | |
Meat | Poultry, beef |
Vegetables | Fennel, carrots |
Grains | Oats, millet, rice |
Spices | Aniseed, basil, ginger, coriander, thyme |
Millet or rice dishes with acrid seasonings |
Chronic Bronchitis, Constitutional Lung Disorder
Lung Yin Vacuity and Kidney Yin Vacuity
Symptoms
Dry cough, dry throat, chronic shortness of breath, weakness in knee and back, hot hands and feet, subfebrile temperatures in the afternoon.
Tongue: | Red, dry, possibly no fur |
Pulse: | Thin |
Causes
Protracted smoldering illness, chronic exhaustion, physiological process of aging.
Therapy
Supplement lung yin and kidney yin
Avoid:
Warm and hot foods, excess bitter and acrid flavor.
Recommended:
Thermal nature | Neutral and cool |
Organ network | Lung, spleen, kidney |
Flavor | Sweet, slightly salty |
Preparation methods | Raw, steamed, boiled |
Supplementing lung yin: | |
Meat | Duck, pork |
Fruit | Pears, tangerines, apricots, figs |
Vegetables | Eggplant, button or crimini/portobella mushrooms, carrots, water chestnuts |
Spices | Honey |
Nuts and seeds | Peanuts, almonds, sunflower seeds, pine nuts |
Dairy products | Butter, yogurt, farmer’s cheese, cottage cheese, cow’s milk |
Soy products | Soy milk |
Supplementing kidney yin: | |
Meat | Duck, pork |
Fish | Oysters, perch, octopus |
Fruit | Cherries, grapes |
Vegetables | Carrots |
Grains | Wheat, corn |
Nuts and seeds | Black sesame, walnuts |
Other | Sheep’s milk and goat’s milk products |
For dry cough: Milk with honey, almond milk Restorative soup with carrots and pork |
Main Symptom: Cough
Acute weak cough | Wind–cold fettering the lung (feng han shu fei) |
Acute violent cough | Wind–heat invading the lung (feng re fan fei) |
Chronic cough with sputum | Phlegm–damp cough (tan shi ke sou) |
Chronic dry cough | Lung yin vacuity with dryness (fei yin xu, fei zao) |
According to TCM:
Counterflow lung qi; differential diagnosis based on frequency, severity, secretion and fever. Good results can be achieved with nutritional therapy, acupuncture, and herbs. Requires extended therapy over several weeks.
Acute Weak Cough
Wind–Cold Fettering the Lung (Feng Han Shu Fei)
Symptoms
Weak, quiet cough with thin white secretion, sore throat, fever without sweating, aversion to cold.
Therapy
Dispel wind and cold
Downbear qi
Avoid:
Cold and cool foods.
Recommended:
Beverages | Thyme tea with honey |
Spices | Thyme, watercress, aniseed |
Nuts and seeds | Roasted almonds with salt, walnuts with honey, almond butter |
Aniseed tea |
Acute Severe Cough
Wind–Heat Invading the Lung (Feng Re Fan Fei)
Symptoms
Frequent strong cough with yellow or greenish thin or viscous secretion, sore throat, fever, headaches.
Therapy
Expel wind and cold
Avoid:
Warm and hot foods.
Recommended:
Fruit | Pears, pear juice, grapefruit, lemons |
Vegetables | Radish, bamboo sprouts |
Beverages | Radish juice, green tea |
Radish juice, pear juice, radish juice with ginger
Chronic Cough with Sputum
Phlegm–Damp Cough (Tan Shi Ke Sou)
Symptoms
Cough with excessive white sputum, exhaustion, bloating in thorax and epigastric region, loss of appetite.
Tongue: White, sticky fur
Pulse: Slippery
Causes
Chronic lung qi vacuity and spleen qi vacuity caused by external pathogenic factors and incorrect nutrition.
Therapy
Loosen phlegm
Supplement spleen qi and lung qi
Avoid:
Raw, cold, and cool foods, dairy products, meat, acrid and fatty foods, excess sweets.
Recommended:
Thermal nature | Neutral and warm |
Organ network | Stomach, spleen, pancreas, lung |
Flavor | Slightly sweet, bitter, acrid |
Preparation methods | Raw, boiled |
Fruit | Lemons, pears, apricots |
Vegetables | Button or crimini/portobella mushrooms, fennel, radish, carrots, cauliflower, kohlrabi |
Grains | Millet, rice, corn, oats |
Spices | Ginger, aniseed, watercress, pepper |
Nuts and seeds | Pine nuts, salted almonds, salted peanuts |
Chronic Dry Cough
Lung Yin Vacuity with Dryness (Fei Yin Su, Fei Zao)
Symptoms
Persistent, dry, intense cough, little or no secretion, dry throat, thirst, fever in the afternoon, heat sensation in hands and feet.
Tongue: Red, dry, possibly thin, yellow fur
Pulse: Thin
Causes
Damage caused by external or internal heat, depletion of body fluids.
Therapy
Nourish yin
Dispel heat
Moisten dryness
Avoid:
Acrid and hot foods.
Recommended:
Thermal nature | Neutral, cool, and cold |
Organ network | Stomach, spleen/pancreas, lung |
Flavor | Sweet |
Preparation methods | Boiled, steamed, baked (au gratin) |
Meat | Duck, pork |
Fruit | Pears |
Beverages | Pear juice, aniseed tea |
Spices | Honey, aniseed, watercress |
Dairy products | Butter, cream |
Nuts and seeds | Almond butter, pine nuts, sesame, walnuts with honey, peanuts |
Soy products | Tofu, soymilk |
Other | Chicken eggs |
Peanut milk, peanut butter, and almond butter mixed with honey, paste of ground pine nuts, almonds, and walnuts. |
Main Symptom: Sore Throat
Acute tonsillitis | Wind–heat invading the lung (feng re fan fei) |
Acute laryngitis | Wind–cold fettering the lung (feng han shu fei) |
Acute/chronic laryngitis | Dryness–heat damaging the lung (zao re shang fei) |
According to TCM:
The most common cause of these disorders is attack of external pathogenic factors (wind–heat, wind–cold). Acute disorders are usually a repletion syndrome, whereas chronic illnesses generally appear as a vacuity syndrome. Acute disorders can be treated with good results by immediate application of acupuncture, nutritional therapy, and herbs.
Acute Tonsillitis
Wind–Heat Invading the Lung (Feng Re Fan Fei)
Symptoms
Painful reddened and swollen throat, burning pain, trouble swallowing, hoarseness, thirst, sometimes cough with thick yellow sputum; reddened swollen, possibly yellow–whitish tonsils.
Tongue: | Yellow fur |
Pulse: | Superficial |
Causes
Penetration of external wind and heat factors that deplete body fluids (summer heat, central heating, steel workers).
Therapy
Remove external pathogenic heat
Supplement lung
Avoid:
Foods with sour flavor, for example lemon, poultry (they draw pathogenic factors deeper into the body); foods with hot and warm thermal natures (too drying).
Recommended:
Thermal nature | Cool and cold |
Organ network | Lung, spleen/pancreas |
Flavor | Mildly acrid (to expel pathogenic factors, but avoid creating heat), sweet (moistens) |
Preparation methods | Raw, boiled, steamed |
For cooling: | |
Fruit | Mulberries, watermelons, lemons, mangos |
Vegetables | Dandelion, mung beans, radish, tomatoes |
Beverages | Green tea |
Grains | Wheat |
Spices | Peppermint |
To moisten dryness: | |
Fruit | Pears |
Beverages | Pear juice, melon juice, tomato juice |
Mixture of tomato and watermelon juices. For dryness, drink pear juice with honey. Gargle with or drink fresh juice of one to two lemons. |
Acute Laryngitis
Wind–Cold Fettering the Lung (Feng Han Shu Fei)
Symptoms
Scratchy throat, hoarseness, weak cough with whitish sputum, aversion to cold.
Tongue: Thin, white fur
Pulse: Superficial
Causes
External wind–cold factors block qi, for example cold air, draft, air conditioners, cool storage rooms.
Therapy
Expel wind–cold
Supplement lung
Avoid:
Raw, cool, and cold, as well as sour foods. Thermal nature: Hot for a short time, then warm, neutral.
Recommended:
Thermal nature | Hot for a short time; then warm, neutral |
Organ network | Lung |
Flavor | Acrid |
Preparation methods | Boiled, steamed, fried |
Vegetables | Green onions |
Spices | Ginger, coriander, garlic, pepper, thyme, cinnamon |
This syndrome can quickly change into wind–heat. If this happens, adapt therapy immediately!
Decoction of fresh ginger and green onions |
Acute/Chronic Laryngitis
Dryness in Lung
Symptoms
Acute or chronic dry sore throat, hoarseness, dry cough, dry skin.
Tongue: | Reddish |
Pulse: | Fast |
Causes
External dryness enters the lung, vacuity of body fluids, condition shortly before lung yin vacuity develops, dry surroundings, heated air.
Therapy
Moisten lung
Replenish fluids
Avoid:
Acrid, sour, bitter foods with warm and hot thermal nature.
Recommended:
Thermal nature | Neutral and cool |
Organ network | Spleen |
Flavor | Sweet |
Preparation methods | Boiled, steamed |
Fruit | Pears, honeydew melons |
Vegetables | Eggplant, button mushrooms |
Nuts and seeds | Peanuts, pine nuts |
Soy products | Soy milk |
Banana with honey (But not with phlegm conditions!) |
Main Symptom: Frontal Sinusitis and Maxillary Sinusitis
Acute sinusitis | Wind–heat invading the lung (feng re fan fei) |
Acute/chronic sinusitis | Liver–gallbladder damp–heat (gan dan shi re) |
Recurrent sinusitis | Lung qi vacuity, spleen qi vacuity Damp–heat in spleen (pi wei shi re) |
According to TCM:
Belongs to the “bi yuan” category, which literally means “nose pond,” and refers to deep-source nasal congestion.
The main cause of sinusitis is repeated external attack of wind–heat or wind–cold (usually wind–heat). Sinusitis responds very well to acupuncture and herbal treatments, supported by dietary measures. Other causes of sinusitis are lung qi vacuity and spleen qi vacuity, both of which can be easily treated with nutritional therapy. Spleen qi vacuity, responsible for acute and chronic phlegm production, responds especially well to dietary measures.
Acute Sinusitis
Wind–Heat Invading the Lung (Feng Re Fan Fei)
Symptoms
Stuffy nose with white, mostly yellow secretion and crusting, partly blood-stained; headache, dry mouth, slight fever, aversion to wind.
Tongue: | Thin, yellow fur |
Pulse: | Fast and superficial |
Therapy
Expel wind–heat
Balance lung qi
Avoid:
Foods with sour flavor, for example lemon, or poultry (which pull pathogenic factors deeper into the body), foods with hot and warm thermal natures (too drying).
Recommended:
Thermal nature | Cool and cold |
Organ network | Lung, spleen |
Flavor | Mildly acrid (to expel pathogenic factors, but avoid producing heat), sweet (to moisten) |
Preparation methods | Raw, boiled, steamed |
To cool: | |
Fruit | Mulberries, watermelons, pears, lemons, grapefruit |
Vegetables | Dandelion, mung beans, radish, tomatoes |
Grains | Wheat |
Spices | Peppermint |
For dryness: | |
Fruit | Pears |
Beverages | Pear juice, tomato juice, melon juice |
Juice mix made from tomatoes and watermelon | |
| For dryness: Pear juice with honey |
Acute/Chronic Sinusitis
Liver–Gallbladder Damp–Heat (Gan Dan Shi Re)
Symptoms
Stuffy nose, dryness, sticky and yellowish purulent secretion; foul-smelling, bitter taste in mouth; dry mouth and throat, headaches.
Tongue: | Reddened on the side, yellow fur |
Pulse: | Fast, lateral |
Causes
Combination of external wind–heat, excess heat and phlegm-producing foods (e.g., fatty and fatty foods, alcohol abuse); emotional strain, such as anger, rage, stress.
Therapy
Dispel liver–gallbladder damp–heat
Promote downbearing of lung qi
Avoid:
Thermally hot and warm foods, grilled food, acrid spices, alcoholic beverages, very fatty dishes, dairy products.
Recommended:
Thermal nature | Cool and cold |
Organ network | Liver, gallbladder |
Flavor | Bitter, salty, slightly sweet |
Preparation methods | Raw, boiled, steamed |
To disperse heat and remove dampness: | |
Fish | Crayfish |
Vegetables | Bamboo sprouts, mung beans, dandelion, celery root (celeriac) |
Beverages | Green tea |
To disperse heat: | |
Vegetables | Bamboo shoots, Belgian endive hearts |
Beverages | Gentian tea, green tea |
Gentian tea, green tea | |
| Pear juice with fresh lemon |
Recurrent Sinusitis
Lung Qi Vacuity, Spleen Qi Vacuity
Symptoms
Stuffy nose, copious white–sticky or yellow–sticky viscous secretion, sometimes cough with watery or yellow–sticky sputum, loss of appetite, soft stools.
Tongue: | Slightly red, white fur |
Pulse: | Weak and empty |
Therapy
Supplement lung and spleen
Avoid:
Raw, cool, or cold foods, and bitter flavor.
Thermal nature | Neutral and warm |
Organ network | Lung, spleen |
Flavor | Slightly acrid, slightly sweet |
Preparation methods | Boiled, steamed, fried |
Meat | Duck |
Fish | Carp |
Fruit | Grapes |
Vegetables | Cauliflower, carrots, onions |
Grains | Oats, short-grain (glutinous) rice |
Spices | Aniseed, ginger, garlic, rosemary, thyme |
Nuts and seeds | Chestnuts, almonds, black sesame, sunflower seeds, walnuts |
Other | Alcoholic beverages |
Congee (see p. 117) made with rice, onions, and ginger |
Avoid:
Raw, cold, and cool food, dairy products, excess sweets, excess meat.
Recommended:
(see also “Lung Qi Vacuity,” p. 79)
Thermal nature | Neutral and warm |
Organ network | Spleen, heart, lung |
Flavor | Slightly sweet, slightly bitter, slightly acrid |
Preparation methods | Boiled, fried, steamed |
To transform phlegm: | |
Fruit | Pears, cherries, apples |
Vegetables | Leeks, radish |
Grains | Millet |
Spices | Ginger, garlic |
To supplement spleen: | |
Meat | Poultry, beef |
Vegetables | Fennel, carrots |
Grains | Oats, millet, rice |
Spices | Aniseed, basil, ginger, coriander, thyme |
Recurrent Sinusitis
Damp–Heat in Spleen (Pi Wei Shi Re)
Symptoms
Stuffy nose with copious yellow, foul-smelling secretion; pressure in head, sensation of heaviness in head and limbs; bitter, sticky taste in mouth.
Tongue: | Yellow, sticky fur |
Pulse: | Fast, slippery |
Causes
External dampness and heat, nutritional errors (irregular eating, too many acrid and fatty dishes).
Therapy
Supplement spleen
Remove heat and dampness
Raw, thermally hot and warm foods, excess sweets, dairy products, and alcoholic beverages.
Recommended:
Thermal nature | Cool, cold, and neutral |
Organ network | Spleen |
Flavor | Bitter |
Preparation methods | Steamed, boiled |
Vegetables | Artichokes, Belgian endive hearts, cucumbers, mung beans, celery |
Beverages | Gentian tea, green tea, corn silk tea |
Grains | Millet |
Decoction of corn silk tea: Steep about 50 g (1.5 oz) of corn silk in 1 L (four cups) of hot water; drink 1–2 L (four to eight cups) daily. Clears damp–heat and cools. | |
| Decoction of corn silk tea and dandelion: Steep about 50 g (1.5 oz) each of corn silk and dandelion in 1 L (four cups) of hot water; drink 1–2 L (four to eight cups) daily. Combining dandelion with corn silk increases the cooling and clearing effect of decoction. |
Bronchial Asthma
Intrinsic (nonallergic) asthma | Phlegm–heat obstructing the lung (tan re zu fei) |
Extrinsic (allergic) asthma | Wind–cold fettering the lung (feng han shu fei) |
Chronic asthma | Lung qi vacuity and spleen qi vacuity Lung qi vacuity and kidney yang vacuity |
According to TCM:
Shortness of breath (qi chuan bing) with or without accompanying sounds (gasping [xiao] due to phlegm) and with or without dyspnea (chuan).
Acute bronchial asthma is often caused by pathogenic factors such as wind–cold, heat, and phlegm. A chronic course or remission signifies an underlying lung, spleen, or kidney vacuity. These syndromes often overlap. Consistent therapy combining acupuncture and herbs, supported by dietary measures and breathing exercise, for example qi gong, can produce good results.
Intrinsic (Nonallergic) Asthma
Phlegm–Heat Obstructing the Lung (Tan Re Zu Fei)
(Acute Heat-Type Asthma)
Symptoms
Thick yellow viscous sputum that is difficult to cough up, frequent flat respiratory sounds, hasty breathing, thirst for cold drinks, fever.
Tongue: | Yellow, sticky fur |
Pulse: | Fast, slippery |
Causes
Inappropriate nutrition leading to spleen qi vacuity, external wind – heat factors.
Therapy
Transform phlegm
Cool heat inside lung
Stimulate qi coursing
Avoid:
Cold and overly acrid foods, excess sweet flavor, excess dairy products and meat (promotes production of phlegm), foods of a hot thermal nature (e.g., acrid spices).
Recommended:
Thermal nature | Neutral and cool, small amounts of cold |
Organ network | Lung, spleen |
Flavor | Mildly acrid, mildly sweet |
Preparation methods | Raw, steamed, braised, boiled |
Transformation of hot phlegm: | |
Fruit | Pears, tangerines (peel), grapefruit (peel), lemons (peel preferably from organically grown fruit) |
Vegetables | Bamboo sprouts, button or crimini/portobella mushrooms, dandelion, mung beans, radish, red marine algae (rhodophyta, red sea-weed, or dulse) |
Clear heat in lung: | |
Fruit | Apples, pears |
Vegetables | Seaweed, bamboo sprouts, watercress, Chinese (napa) cabbage, asparagus, radish, water chestnuts |
Beverages | Peppermint tea |
Grains | Pearl barley |
Meat | Poultry, beef |
Vegetables | Fennel, carrots, sweet potatoes |
Grains | Millet, rice |
Spices | Aniseed |
Radish juice, pear juice with fresh lemon |
Extrinsic (Allergic) Asthma
Wind–Cold Fettering the Lung (Feng Han Shu Fei) (Acute Cold-Type Asthma)
Symptoms
Often copious whitish, watery sputum, gasping breathing sounds, aversion to cold, scratchy throat.
Tongue: | White fur, damp |
Pulse: | Superficial |
Causes
External pathogenic wind – cold binds qi in lungs, causing nondiffusion of lung qi; constitutional weakness.
Therapy
Expel of wind–cold
Transform phlegm
Avoid:
Raw, cool, and cold foods, foods that cause phlegm (dairy products, sweets, meat).
Recommended:
Thermal nature | Warm and neutral, possibly mildly hot |
Organ network | Lung |
Flavor | Acrid |
Preparation methods | Boiled, steamed, fried |
Vegetables | Green onions |
Grains | Oats |
Spices | Aniseed, ginger, coriander, thyme |
Decoction of fresh ginger and green onions |
Chronic Asthma
Lung Qi Vacuity and Spleen Qi Vacuity
Symptoms
Copious white sputum, fatigue, swollen extremities, lack of appetite, bloating in epigastric region after eating.
Tongue: | Swollen, pale, white fur |
Pulse: | Weak |
Causes
Persistent cough, weakened lung qi, constitutional weakness, lack of exercise, inappropriate diet that weakens the spleen.
Therapy
Supplement lung and spleen
Avoid:
Raw, cool, and cold foods, dairy products, excess sweet, excess meat.
Recommended:
(see also “Lung Qi Vacuity,” p. 79)
Neutral and warm | |
Flavor | Slightly acrid, slightly sweet |
Organ network | Lung, spleen |
Flavor | Mildly acrid, mildly sweet |
Preparation methods | Boiled, steamed, fried |
Meat | Duck |
Fish | Carp |
Fruit | Grapes |
Vegetables | Cauliflower, carrots, onions |
Grains | Oats, short-grain (glutinous) rice |
Spices | Aniseed, ginger, garlic, rosemary, thyme |
Nuts and seeds | Chestnuts, almonds, black sesame, sunflower seeds, walnuts |
Other | Alcoholic beverages |
To transform phlegm: | |
Fruit | Pears, cherries, apples |
Vegetables | Leeks, radish |
Grains | Millet |
Spices | Ginger, garlic |
To supplement spleen: | |
Meat | Poultry, beef |
Vegetables | Fennel, carrots |
Grains | Oats, millet, rice |
Spices | Aniseed, basil, ginger, coriander, thyme |
Congee (see p. 117) made with rice, onions, and ginger |
Chronic Asthma
Lung Qi Vacuity and Kidney Yang Vacuity (Kidney is Unable to Receive Qi)
Symptoms
Cough, dyspnea, predominantly during inhalation (which is governed by the kidneys), dizziness, listlessness, clear urination during asthma attack, pain and weakness in knees and back.
Tongue: | Moist, swollen, and pale |
Pulse: | Weak |
Causes
Long-lasting chronic illnesses that weaken lung and kidney; inherited vacuity of the organ networks, excessive tension and strain. Because of kidney qi vacuity, the downbearing qi of the lungs can not be received, and accumulation of qi leads to a repletion condition, with fullness in the chest and dyspnea.
Therapy
Supplement and warm kidneys
Supplement lung
Avoid:
Excess hot and acrid foods as well as raw, cold, and cool foods.
Thermal nature | Warm and a little hot, neutral |
Organ network | Kidney, lung |
Flavor | Salty, bitter |
Preparation methods | Boiled, baked, fried, and grilled |
To supplement and warm kidneys: | |
Meat | Chicken, lamb, venison |
Fish | Mussels, shrimp, oysters |
Fruit | Raisins, grapes, cherries |
Vegetables | Fennel |
Grains | Oats, corn |
Nuts and seeds | Chestnuts, walnuts |
To supplement and downbear lung qi: | |
Meat | Pork, duck |
Fish | Mussels, pollack, carp, squid |
Vegetables | Cauliflower, olives, onions |
Other | Salted almonds |
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Main Symptom: Diarrhea
Acute and chronic diarrhea | Stomach qi and spleen qi vacuity Stomach yang and spleen yang vacuity Large intestine qi and yang vacuity |
Acute/chronic diarrhea | Damp–cold encumbering the spleen (han shi kun pi) |
Infectious enteritis/traveler’s diarrhea | Damp–heat in spleen or large intestine |
Chronic morning diarrhea | Spleen yang and kidney yang vacuity (“fifth watch diarrhea”) |
According to TCM:
“Xie xie” means “flow discharge” and indicates soft and watery stools. This condition generally responds well to nutritional therapy, acupuncture, and possibly herbal therapy. Supplementing the center burner is also important.
General Nutritional Therapy
Rice, short-grain (glutinous) rice, millet, blueberries, button or crimini/portobella mushrooms, shredded apple; cooked, warm food.
Acute and Chronic Diarrhea
Stomach Qi and Spleen Qi Vacuity Stomach Yang and Spleen Yang Vacuity Large Intestine Qi and Yang Vacuity
Symptoms
Usually chronic diarrhea, watery and soft stools with undigested food particles, bloating after meals, improvement with pressure and warmth, flatulence after meals, physical weakness, lack of appetite.
Tongue: | Pale, swollen with impressions |
Pulse: | Weak |
Causes
Diet: | Inappropriate diet that is too thermally cold, irregular meals. |
General: | Excessive worries, mental overexertion. |
Therapy
Supplement spleen and stomach
Avoid:
Raw and thermally cool or cold foods (salads, fruit, fruit juices), dairy products, denatured foods, frozen food, canned food.
Recommended:
Boiled or steamed warming foods that build up spleen and stomach, combined with mildly acrid spices.
Thermal nature | Warm, neutral, possibly initially hot for a brief period |
Organ network | Spleen, stomach |
Flavor | Sweet–warm, sweet–neutral, possibly sweet–hot (briefly) |
Meat | Poultry, beef |
Fruit | Steamed apples, blueberries |
Vegetables | Fennel, pureed carrots, button or crimini/portobella mushrooms, possibly some honey or brown sugar |
Beverages | Fennel tea |
Rolled oats, millet, rice, rice soup, short-grain (glutinous) rice with cinnamon and honey, slightly acrid rice dishes (warming effect) |
Boiled millet porridge with cinnamon and raisins; | |
| Rice cooked for a long time, with apple and cinnamon; |
| Carrot congee (see p. 117). |
Acute/Chronic Diarrhea
Damp–Cold in Spleen or Large Intestine
Symptoms
Tendency to clear watery stool with undigested food particles, gurgling bowel sounds; improvement of stomach aches with warmth, worsening with pressure; aversion to cold, headaches, sensation of heaviness.
Tongue: | White fur, moist, possibly slimy |
Pulse: | Slow, slippery |
Causes
Diet: | Excess cold foods (e.g., ice tea) is a common cause of diarrhea in children during summer. |
General: | Penetration of external cold and dampness (e.g., too much time spent in the swimming pool, wet clothes). |
Therapy
Expel cold
Warm center burner
Avoid:
Raw, cold, and cool foods.
Recommended:
Thermal nature | Warm to hot, neutral |
Organ network | Earth |
Flavor | Sweet–warm, bitter–warm |
Preparation methods | Boiled; steamed, possibly with alcohol; warming spices (e.g., ginger, pepper). |
Vegetables | Fennel, carrots, sweet potatoes |
Beverages | Fennel tea, spiced tea, coffee with cardamom |
Grains | Oats, millet, rice with mildly acrid spices |
Spices | Aniseed, chili, ginger, pepper, licorice, cinnamon |
Ginger tea with cinnamon bark; | |
| Coffee with cinnamon or cardamom; |
| Cinnamon rice with steamed apples. |
Infectious Enteritis, Traveler’s Diarrhea
Damp–Heat in Spleen or Large Intestine
Symptoms
Watery, soft, and foul smelling to stinking stools, tenesmus (constant feeling of the need to empty the bowel, accompanied by pain, cramping, and involuntary straining efforts), possibly bowel movement with blood, stomach aches that improve after bowel movement, hot burning sensation around anus, sparse dark urine, thirst.
Tongue: | Thick, yellow fur, possibly slimy |
Pulse: | Fast and slippery |
Causes
Diet: | Inappropriate or spoiled foods. |
General: | Infections, penetration of external heat, and dampness into intestines. |
Dispel heat
Dry dampness
Avoid:
Acrid, hot, and fatty foods.
Recommended:
Thermal nature | Cool, cold, and neutral |
Organ network | Earth |
Flavor | Sweet, bitter |
Preparation methods | Raw, boiled, steamed |
Fruit | Bananas, pears, honeydew melons, oranges, cranberries |
Vegetables | Eggplant, bamboo sprouts, cucumbers, spinach, mung beans, dandelion |
Beverages | Green tea, black tea, chamomile tea, wheat beer |
Grains | Amaranth, corn |
Spices | Yellow gentian |
Dairy products | Yogurt |
Soy products | Soy yogurt, tofu |
Increase consumption of green or black tea and dried cranberries |
Chronic Morning Diarrhea
Spleen Yang and Kidney Yang Vacuity
Symptoms
Chronic morning diarrhea! Stomach aches that improve with warmth, cold extremities, weakness in back and knees.
Tongue: | Pale, impressions |
Pulse: | Weak, deep |
Causes
General: | Overwork, long-lasting illness, emotional stress, dissipated sex life, many births, exposure to cold. |
Therapy
Warm kidneys
Supplement spleen
Avoid:
Raw, cool, and cold foods.
Recommended:
Thermal nature | Warm to hot (briefly), neutral |
Organ network | Kidney, spleen/pancreas |
Flavor | Slightly salty, sweet |
Preparation methods | Steamed, boiled, fried |
Meat | Lamb, chicken |
Fruit | Raisins, cherries |
Vegetables | Fennel, leeks, carrots |
Grains | Oats, short-grain (glutinous) rice, corn, millet |
Spices | Aniseed, cinnamon, pepper, ginger |
Nuts and seeds | Walnuts, chestnuts |
Master Soup three times a week. Suggested ingredients: carrots, leek, beef, ginger, etc. |
Main Symptom: Constipation
Constipation in elderly patients, postnatal constipation | Qi vacuity or yang vacuity |
Constipation primarily in elderly patients | Yin vacuity |
Constipation caused by stress or travel | Liver qi stagnation |
| Chronic internal heat or heat in stomach and large intestine |
According to TCM:
Infrequent bowel movements, abnormal stool shape, dry stools.
Responds very well to consistent dietary therapy, and also to combination of acupuncture and herbal therapy.
General Nutritional Therapy
Give preference to fruits and vegetables rich in fiber.
Constipation in Elderly Patients and Postnatal Constipation
Qi Vacuity or Yang Vacuity
Symptoms
Thinly formed, long stools; exertion and exhaustion after defecation, pale face, cold extremities. Seen especially in elderly patients and post-partum.
Tongue: | Pale, swollen, moist |
Pulse: |