Level of Causation |
Anti- Infectives |
Cardiovascular |
Analgesics, Anti-inflammatories, and Immunologics |
CNS Drugs |
CI Drugs and Food |
Herbal Supplements |
Other Drugs |
Potentiation
Highly probable |
Ciprofloxacin
Cotrimoxazole
Erythromycin
Fluconazole
Isoniazid
Metronidazole
Miconazole oral gel
Miconazole vagsupp
Voriconazole |
Amiodarone
Clofibrate
Diltiazem
Fenofibrate
Propafenone
Propranolol
Sulfinpyrazone (biphasicwith later inhibition) |
Phenylbutazone
Piroxicam |
Alcohol (if concomitant liver disease)
Citalopram
Entacapone
Sertraline |
Cimetidine
Fish oil
Mango
Omeprazole |
Boldofenugreek
Quilinggao |
Anabolic steroids
Zileuton |
Probable |
Amoxicillin/clavulanate
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Itraconazole
Levofloxacin
Ritonavir
Tetracycline |
Aspirin
Fluvastatin
Quinidine
Ropinirole
Simvastatin |
Acetaminophen
Aspirin
Celecoxib
Dextropropoxyphene
Interferon
Tramadol |
Disulfiram
Chloral hydrate
Fluvoxamine
Phenytoin (biphasic with later inhibition) |
Grapefruit |
Danshen
Don quai
Lycium barbarum L PC-SPES |
Fluorouracil
Gemcitabine
Levamisole/fluorouracil
Paclitaxel
Tamoxifen
Tolterodine |
Possible |
Amoxicillin
Chloramphenicol |
Amiodaroneinduced toxicosis |
Celecoxib
Indomethacin |
Felbamate |
Orlistat |
Danshen/methyl salicylates |
Acarbose
Cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/fluorouracil |
@@ |
Gatifloxacin
Miconazole
Nalidixic acid
Norfloxacin
Ofloxacin
Saquinavir
Terbinafine |
Disopyramide
Gemfibrozil
Metolazone |
Leflunomide
Propoxyphene
Rofecoxib
Sulindac
Tolmetin
Topical salicylates |
@@ |
@@ |
@@ |
Curbicin
Danazol
Ifosfamide
Trastuzumab |
Highly improbable |
Cefamandole
Cefazolin
Sulfisoxazole |
Bezafibrate
Heparin |
Levamisole
Methylprednisolone
Nabumetone |
Fluoxetine
Diazepam
Quetiapine |
@@ |
@@ |
Etoposide/carboplatin
Levonorgestrel |
Inhibition
Highly probable |
Griseofulvin
Nafcillin
Ribavirin
Rifampin |
Cholestyramine |
Mesalamine |
Barbiturates
Carbamazepine |
High vitamin K content foods/enteral feeds
Avocado (Ig amts) |
@@ |
Mercaptopurine |
Probable |
Dicloxacillin
Ritonavir |
Bosentan |
Azathioprine |
Chlordiazepoxide |
Soy milk
Sucralfate |
Ginseng |
Chelation therapy
Influenza vaccine
Multivitamin supplement
Raloxifene HCl |
Possible |
Terbinafine |
Telmisartan |
Sulfasalazine |
@@ |
Sushi containing
seaweed |
@@ |
Cyclosporine
Etretinate
Ubidecarenone |
Highly improbable |
Cloxacillin
Nafcillin/dicloxacillin
Teicoplanin |
Furosemide |
@@ |
Propofol |
@@ |
Green tea |
@@ |
FromAnsellJ, Hirsh J, Hylek E, et al. Pharmacology and management of the vitamin K antagonists: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest 2008-133:160S-198S. |