Preface

Cytogenetics

Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA

Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 129 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA

It has been a great pleasure to serve as guest editor for the Clinical Cytogenetics edition of Clinics in Laboratory Medicine. For this issue, I have recruited authors who are experts in their field, from both academic and commercial clinical laboratories, and, while the majority of the authors reside in the United States, an international flavor is supplied by contributions from both the United Kingdom and Germany. I am extremely grateful to all of the authors for their time, effort, and expertise: the importance of clinical cytogenetics continues to be felt in the prenatal, postnatal, and oncological arenas, and the information obtained from analyzing chromosomes remains vital to patients and their physicians.

The first illustrations of chromosomes (“colored bodies”) were published in the 1880s. From those early days of chromosome studies to the current clinical techniques for banding and analysis, chromosomes have held an intrinsic beauty for those who study them. The field of cytogenetics has evolved enormously: first with the discovery of the correct number of chromosomes in humans (Tijo and Levan, 1956), to the discovery that nonrandom chromosome rearrangements are a hallmark of many cancers (Nowell and Hungerford, 1960), to the discovery of different stains that revealed the presence of differential banding along each chromosome pair (Caspersson, 1970), to the development of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques (∼1986), comparative genomic hybridization (∼1992), and microarray technologies, from bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) to oligonucleotide to single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays.

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