The Role of the Microenvironment in Tumor Initiation, Progression, and Metastasis

Figure 16-1 A historical perspective on the role of the microenvironment in cancer A timeline detailing landmark discoveries that showed the dominance of microenvironment over genotype. If space had permitted, a number of other important experiments could have been included, such as Emerman and Pitelka’s demonstration that normal mammary epithelial cells on floating collagen gels recapitulate their in vivo phenotype, ¹⁴ Folkman’s demonstration that cell shape regulates DNA synthesis, ¹⁵ and experiments demonstrating that reconstituted 3D BM gels act as a “blotter” to distinguish the normal from the malignant phenotype.^16,17

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