Salmonella

Syndrome	Suggested therapy
Gastroenteritis
Normal host	Rehydration
Normal host with severe disease or risk factors	Levofloxacin, 500 mg (or other fluoroquinolone) once a day for 7–10 d; or azithromycin, 500 mg once a day for 7 d
Immunocompromised adult	Levofloxacin, 500 mg (or other fluoroquinolone) once a day for 14 days; or azithromycin, 500 mg once a day for 14 d
Neonate or immunocompromised child	None or ceftriaxone, 100 mg/kg/d in two equally divided daily doses for 7–10 d; or azithromycin, 20 mg/kg/d once a day for 7 d
Typhoid fever
Adult, sensitive strain	Ciprofloxacin, 500 mg PO or IV BID for 5–7 d
Adult, intermediate strains ^a	Ciprofloxacin, 750 mg PO or IV BID for 5–7 d
Adult, resistant strains ^b	Ceftriaxone, 2 g IV qd for 10–14 d; or azithromycin, 500 mg PO or IV qd for 7 d
Children, pregnant women	Ceftriaxone, 100 mg/kg/d in two equally divided daily doses for 10–14 d; or azithromycin, 20 mg/kg/d once a day for 7 d
All patients with severe typhoid fever (delirium, obtundation, stupor, coma, or shock) should receive dexamethasone, 3 mg/kg initially, followed by 1 mg/kg q6h for 48 h
Chronic carrier
Adult	Ciprofloxacin, 750 mg PO BID for 4 wk; or amoxicillin, 1 g PO TID for 3 mo; or TMP–SMX, 160/800 mg PO BID for 3 mo
Children	Amoxicillin, 40 mg/kg PO up to 1 g TID for 3 mo; or TMP–SMX, 5 mg/kg TMP BID for 3 mo

Abbreviations: TMP–SMX = trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole; MIC = minimum inhibitory concentration.

^a MIC to ciprofloxacin of 0.125 to 1 μg/mL.

^b MIC values to ciprofloxacin of 2 μg/mL or greater.

Typhoid fever

Fluoroquinolones are the agents of choice for treatment of typhoid fever. They are more rapidly effective and are associated with lower rates of relapse and stool carriage than chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and TMP–SMX. They are also felt to be more effective than ceftriaxone. Strains sensitive to nalidixic acid can be treated with

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