Markers and Immunoprofile of Myeloid Neoplasm

, Hans Guski² and Glen Kristiansen³

(1)

Carl-Thiem-Klinikum, Institut für Pathologie, Cottbus, Germany

(2)

Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Institut für Pathologie, Berlin, Germany

(3)

Universität Bonn, UKB, Institut für Pathologie, Bonn, Germany

Diagnostic Antibody Panel for Myeloid Neoplasm

CD13, CD14, CD15, CD33, and MPO [1]

Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
Expression pattern: cytoplasmic
Main diagnostic use	Expression in other tumors	Expression in normal cells
AML	Granulocytic sarcoma	Myeloid cells, monocytes
Positive control: bone marrow

Diagnostic Approach

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme protein and one of the main lysosomal enzymes in myeloid cells released during degranulation. MPO positivity is diagnostic for neoplasia of myeloid origin. MPO is constantly absent in normal and neoplastic lymphoid tissue.

CD15:

CD15 is a further important marker for the myeloid lineage listed in details in the previous chapter. CD15 is expressed on the majority of granulocytes and monocytes and relates neoplasms.

CD33
Expression pattern: membranous/cytoplasmic
Main diagnostic use	Expression in other tumors	Expression in normal cells
AML (M0-5), CML	B- and T-ALL, ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma	Monocytes, premyelocytes, myeloid blasts, dendritic cells, mast cells
Positive control

Diagnostic Approach

CD33 is a transmembrane glycoprotein involved in cell-to-cell adhesion. CD33 is expressed in the early myeloid progenitor cells after CD34 but absent in stem cells [2]. The expression of CD33 persists during myelomonocytic differentiation and is weakly detectable on granulocytes, monocytes, mast cells, and dendritic cells. CD33 is an important marker for most types of acute myeloid leukemia (M0–M5) (Fig. 17.1), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and granulocytic sarcoma in addition to chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.