PROSTATE (ICD‐O‐3 C61) (FIG. 477, SEE ALSO FIG . 524)

Rules for Classification

The classification applies only to adenocarcinomas. Transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate is classified as a urethral tumour (see Urethra). There should be histological confirmation of the disease.

Schematic illustration of Prostate. — **Fig. 477**

Regional Lymph Nodes (Fig. 478)

The regional lymph nodes are the nodes of the true pelvis, which essentially are the pelvic nodes below the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries. Laterality does not affect the N classification.

Schematic illustration of The regional lymph nodes are the nodes of the true pelvis, which essentially are the pelvic
nodes below the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries. — **Fig. 478**

TNM Clinical Classification

T – Primary Tumour

TX	Primary tumour cannot be assessed
T0	No evidence of primary tumour
T1	Clinically inapparent tumour that is not palpable (Fig. 479)
	T1a	Tumour incidental histological finding in 5% or less of tissue resected
	T1b	Tumour incidental histological finding in more than 5% of tissue resected
	T1c	Tumour identified by needle biopsy (e.g., because of elevated PSA)
T2	Tumour that is palpable and confined within prostate¹
	T2a	Tumour involves one half of one lobe or less (Fig. 480)
	T2b	Tumour involves more than half of one lobe, but not both lobes (Fig. 480)
	T2c	Tumour involves both lobes (Fig. 481)
T3	Tumour extends through the prostatic capsule²
	T3a	Extraprostatic extension (unilateral or bilateral) including microscopic bladder neck involvement (Figs. 482, 483)
	T3b	Tumour invades seminal vesicle(s) (Fig. 484)
T4	Tumour is fixed or invades adjacent structures other than seminal vesicles: bladder neck, external sphincter, rectum, levator muscles, and/or pelvic wall (Figs. 485, 486)