| Bloodstream Intravascular device-related (e.g., triple-lumen central venous catheter, Hickman, Broviac, Port) Sepsis due to bacterial or fungal organisms |
| Central nervous system Epidural abscess Meningitis |
| Gastrointestinal Cholangitis Diverticulitis Intra-abdominal abscess Pseudomembranous colitis |
| Respiratory tract Aspiration pneumonia Empyema Hospital-acquired pneumonia Sinusitis Ventilator-associated pneumonia |
| Skin and soft tissue Cellulitis Myonecrosis Necrotizing fasciitis |
| Surgical site (incisional, deep space, or abscess) |
| Urinary tract Catheter-related Postinstrumentation (e.g., cystoscopy) |
| Other Endocarditis Prosthetic-device infection Suppurative thrombophlebitis Transfusion-related (bacterial, fungal, viral, parasitic) |
Table 105.2 Examples of noninfectious causes of hospital-acquired fever
| Biologic agents (e.g., vaccines, cytokines)/drugs Alcohol or drug withdrawal Drug fever Drug overdose (e.g., anticholinergic agents) Neuroleptic malignant syndrome |
| Cardiac causes Myocardial infarction Pericarditis |
| Collagen vascular diseases Vasculitis |
| Endocrine disorders Adrenal insufficiency Thyroid storm |
| Factitious fever |
| Inflammatory diseases Gout, pseudogout Nonviral hepatitis |
| Intra-abdominal conditions Acalculous cholecystitis Acute pancreatitis Mesenteric ischemia Upper or lower gastrointestinal bleeding |
| Malignancy Tumor fever |
| Neurologic conditions Intracranial or subarachnoid hemorrhage Seizures Stroke Subdural hematoma |
| Procedure related Benign postoperative fever
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