Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy in Pancreatic Cancer


Outcomes

Illustrative comparative risksa (95% CI)

Relative effect (95% CI)

Number of participants (studies)

Quality of evidence (GRADE)

Assumed risk

Corresponding risk

Open distal pancreatectomy

Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy

Short-term mortality

10 per 1,000

5 per 1,000 (1–22)

OR 0.48 (0.11–2.17)

1,451 (9 studies)

⊕ Very lowb, c

Long-term mortality

Follow-up: 2–3 years

549 per 1,000

535 per 1,000 (480–590)

HR 0.96 (0.82 to 1.12)

277 (3 studies)

⊕ Very lowb, d

Serious adverse events (proportion)

51 per 1,000

88 per 1,000 (28–247)

OR 1.79 (0.53–6.06)

206 (3 studies)

⊕ Very lowb, c, d

Pancreatic fistula (grade B or C)

66 per 1,000

77 per 1,000 (32–175)

OR 1.19 (0.47–3.02)

246 (4 studies)

⊕ Very lowb, c, d, e

Recurrence at maximal follow-up

495 per 1,000

363 per 1,000 (239–507)

OR 0.58 (0.32–1.05)

184 (2 studies)

⊕ Very lowb, c, d

Adverse events (proportion)

328 per 1,000

317 per 1,000 (209–448)

OR 0.95 (0.54–1.66)

246 (4 studies)

⊕ Very lowb, c, d

Length of hospital stay

Mean length of hospital stay in the control groups was 9.4 days

Mean length of hospital stay in the intervention groups was 2.43 lower (3.13–1.73 lower)
 
1,068 (5 studies)

⊕ Very lowb

Positive resection margins 184

184 per 1000

143 per 1,000 (99–198)

OR 0.74 (0.49–1.10)

1,466 (10 studies)

⊕ Very lowb, c


From Riviere et al. [1]

CI, confidence interval, HR hazard ratio, OR odds ratio

GRADE working group grades of evidence

High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect

Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate

Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate

Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate

aThe basis for the assumed risk is the mean control group proportion. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI)

bWe found no randomized controlled trials. The nonrandomized studies included in this review were at unclear or high risk of bias for most domains

cConfidence intervals were wide

dSample size was small

eI2 was high and little overlap of confidence intervals was evident



In this chapter, we will describe current situation of the laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer.


26.1 Operative Techniques


When distal pancreatectomy is performed in benign disease or low-grade borderline malignancy, splenic preservation is usually recommended. There is a report from Memorial Sloan Kettering Center that the patient group with splenectomy has higher morbidity than non-splenectomy group in open distal pancreatectomy [2]. And spleen has a role in immunology, and there may be a possibility of post-splenectomy sepsis when spleen was removed. There are two methods of preserving the spleen, one is splenic vessel preserving method and another is splenic vessel sacrificing method (Warshaw technique). Splenic vessel preserving operation is associated with less complication associated with splenic infarction. However, this procedure is technically more demanding than splenic vessel sacrificing operation. Even after preservation of the splenic vessels, the patency of the vessels may not last long enough. There has been report on high incidence of the splenic venous obstruction compared to open surgery on long-term follow-up of the splenic vessel-preserved patients [3]. Subsequent multi-institutional studies showed that this higher rate of splenic vein patency may be related with technical inadequacy in early period of surgeon’s experiences [4]. When preserving splenic vessels is difficult or splenic vessels are injured during operation, Warshaw technique is a useful option. Warshaw technique is easy to perform compared to splenic vessel saving surgery with the advantages of preserving the spleen.

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Jun 26, 2017 | Posted by in ONCOLOGY | Comments Off on Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy in Pancreatic Cancer

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