Rahimy MC, Gangbo A, Adjou R, Deguenon C, Goussanou S, Alihonou E. Effect of active prenatal management on pregnancy outcome in sickle cell disease in an African setting. Blood. 2000;96:1685–9.PubMed

Villers MS, Jamison MG, De Castro LM, James AH. Morbidity associated with sickle cell disease in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;199(125):e121–5.

Al Jama FE, Gasem T, Burshaid S, Rahman J, Al Suleiman SA, Rahman MS. Pregnancy outcome in patients with homozygous sickle cell disease in a university hospital, Eastern Saudi Arabia. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2009;280:793–7.PubMedCrossRef

Rajab KE, Issa AA, Mohammed AM, Ajami AA. Sickle cell disease and pregnancy in Bahrain. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2006;93:171–5.PubMedCrossRef

Serjeant GR, Loy LL, Crowther M, Hambleton IR, Thame M. Outcome of pregnancy in homozygous sickle cell disease. Obstet Gynecol. 2004;103:1278–85.PubMedCrossRef

Serjeant GR, Hambleton I, Thame M. Fecundity and pregnancy outcome in a cohort with sickle cell-haemoglobin C disease followed from birth. BJOG. 2005;112:1308–14.PubMedCrossRef

Tuck SM, Studd J. Sickle haemoglobin and pregnancy. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1983;287:1143–4.CrossRef

Howard RJ, Lillis C, Tuck SM. Contraceptives, counselling, and pregnancy in women with sickle cell disease. BMJ. 1993;306:1735–7.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Chakravarty EF, Khanna D, Chung L. Pregnancy outcomes in systemic sclerosis, primary pulmonary hypertension, and sickle cell disease. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;111:927–34.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Howard RJ, Tuck S, Pearson T. Pregnancy in sickle cell disease in the UK: results of a multicentre survey of the effect of prophylactic blood transfusion on maternal and fetal outcome. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1995;102:947–51.PubMedCrossRef

Powars DR, Sandhu M, Niland-Weiss J, Johnson C, Bruce S, Manning PR. Pregnancy in sickle cell disease. Obstet Gynecol. 1986;67:217–28.PubMedCrossRef

Al-Suleiman S, Rahman M, Rahman J, Al-Najashi S. Sickle cell disease and pregnancy in Saudi Arabia. J Obstet Gynaecol. 1991;11:331–5.CrossRef

Cappellini MD. Coagulation in the pathophysiology of hemolytic anemias. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2007;2007:74–8.CrossRef

Westerman M, Pizzey A, Hirschman J, Cerino M, Weil-Weiner Y, Ramotar P, Eze A, Lawrie A, Purdy G, Mackie I, Porter J. Microvesicles in haemoglobinopathies offer insights into mechanisms of hypercoagulability, haemolysis and the effects of therapy. Br J Haematol. 2008;142:126–35.PubMedCrossRef

Heit JA, Beckman MG, Bockenstedt PL, Grant AM, Key NS, Kulkarni R, Manco-Johnson MJ, Moll S, Ortel TL, Philipp CS. Comparison of characteristics from White- and Black-Americans with venous thromboembolism: a cross-sectional study. Am J Hematol. 2010;85:467–71.PubMedCrossRef

UK-Standards. Standards for the clinical care of adults with sickle cell disease in the UK. Sickle Cell Society publication. 2008. www.​sicklecellsociet​y.

Curry SC, Bond GR, Raschke R, Tellez D, Wiggins D. An ovine model of maternal iron poisoning in pregnancy. Ann Emerg Med. 1990;19:632–8.PubMedCrossRef

Jensen CE, Tuck SM, Wonke B. Fertility in ß thalassaemia major: a report of 16 pregnancies, preconceptual evaluation and a review of the literature. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1995;102:625–9.PubMedCrossRef

Tuck SM, Jensen CE, Wonke B, Yardumian A. Pregnancy management and outcomes in women with thalassaemia major. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 1998;11 Suppl 3:923–8.PubMed

Thomas VJ, Rawle H, Howard J, Abedian M, Westerdale N, Oteng-Ntim E, Musumadi L. Psychological help for pregnant women with sickle cell disease. Prim Health Care. 2009;19:26–9.CrossRef

Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Thrombosis and embolism during pregnancy and the puerperium, Reducing the risk (Green-top guideline no. 37). 2009. https://​www.​rcog.​org.​uk/​guidelines.

Mahomed K. Prophylactic versus selective blood transfusion in sickle cell disease pregnancies. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000 and 2006;(2):CD000040, and update in (3):CD000040.

Koshy M, Burd L, Wallace D, Moawad A, Baron J. Prophylactic red-cell transfusions in pregnant patients with sickle cell disease. A randomized cooperative study. N Engl J Med. 1988;319:1447–52.PubMedCrossRef

Ngo C, Kayem G, Habibi A, Benachi A, Goffiret F, Galacteros F, Haddad B. Pregnancy in sickle cell disease: maternal and fetal outcomes in a population receiving prophylactic partial exchange transfusions. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2010;152:138–42.PubMedCrossRef

Tuck SM, James CE, Brewster EM. Prophylactic blood transfusion in maternal sickle cell syndromes. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1987;94:121–5.PubMedCrossRef

Walter PB, Harmatz P, Vichinsky E. Iron metabolism and iron chelation in sickle cell disease. Acta Haematol. 2009;122:174–83.PubMedCrossRef

Vichinsky EP. Current issues with blood transfusions in sickle cell disease. Semin Hematol. 2001;38:14–22.PubMedCrossRef

Manchikanti A, Grimes DA, Lopez LM, Schulz KF. Steroid hormones for contraception in women with sickle cell disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(2):CD006261.

De Ceulaer K, Gruber C, Hayes R, Serjeant GR. Medroxyprogesterone acetate and homozygous sickle-cell disease. Lancet. 1982;2:229–31.PubMedCrossRef

de Abood M, de Castillo Z, Guerrero F, Espino M, Austin KL. Effect of Depo-Provera or microgynon on the painful crises of sickle cell anemia patients. Contraception. 1997;56:313–6.PubMedCrossRef

Blank AM, Freedman WL. Sickle cell trait and pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1969;12(1):123–33.PubMedCrossRef