Stage
TX
Primary tumor cannot be assessed
T0
No evidence of primary tumor
T1a
Tumor 1 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid
T1b
Tumor 1–2 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid
T2
Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid
T3
Tumor more than 4 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid or any tumor with minimal extrathyroid extension (e.g., extension to sternothyroid muscle or perithyroid soft tissues)
T4a
Tumor of any size extending beyond the thyroid capsule and invades any of the following: subcutaneous soft tissues, larynx, trachea, esophagus, recurrent laryngeal nerve
T4b
Tumor invades prevertebral fascia, mediastinal vessels, or encases carotid artery
NX
Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed
N0
No regional lymph node metastasis
N1
Regional lymph node metastasis
N1a
Metastasis in level VI (pretracheal and paratracheal, including prelaryngeal and Delphian lymph nodes)
N1b
Metastasis in other unilateral, bilateral, or contralateral cervical or upper/superior mediastinal lymph nodes
cM0
Clinically no distant metastasis
cM1
Distant metastasis clinically
pTNM
Pathological classification
pN0
Histological examination of a selective neck dissection specimen will ordinarily include six or more lymph nodes. If the lymph nodes are negative, but the number ordinarily examined is not met, classify as pN0
pM1
Distant metastasis proven microscopically
Table 15.2
Stage grouping for papillary and follicular carcinoma
Papillary and follicular thyroid cancer (age <45 years): | |||
Stage | T | N | M |
I | Any T | Any N | M0 |
II
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