117: Oropouche Virus Disease

Classification: ICD-9 065; ICD-10 A93.0

Syndromes and synonyms: Oropouche fever, fevre de Mojui.

Agent: Oropouche virus (OROV), a spherical enveloped, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus, belonging to the Orthobunyavirus group of the Bunyaviridae family, with 3 genotypes.

Reservoir: Monkeys, three-toed sloths (Bradypus tridactylus), marsupials, and forest birds.

Vector: During urban epidemics, biting midges (Culicoides paraensis); also mosquitoes of Aedes and Culex genera.

Transmission: By insect bite.

Cycle: The vector becomes infected with OROV by feeding on a viremic host. The virus crosses the gut wall and multiplies in the organs of the insect. After a few days, depending on the ambient temperature, the virus reaches the salivary glands and is injected into the next host during feeding. Jungle cycle: OROV is transmitted among sloths, marsupials, primates, and birds by the mosquitoes Aedes serratus and Culex quinquefasciatus. Urban cycle: OROV is transmitted to humans by midges (Culicoides paraensis).

Incubation period: 2–14 days.

Clinical findings

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