Autologous and Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Peripheral T/NK-cell Lymphomas

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma and natural killer/T-cell lymphomas (PT/NKCL) make up a diverse subgroup of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas characterized by an aggressive clinical course. The use of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in the treatment of PT/NKCL remains controversial because of the absence of randomized controlled trials. The best available data suggest that certain subtypes of PT/NKCL may benefit more from the application of HSCT than other subtypes and that this benefit results from their unique clinical characteristics and underlying biology. Ultimately, however, prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to clarify the optimal type and timing of HSCT in patients with PT/NKCL.

Key points

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Peripheral T-cell lymphomas and natural killer/T-cell lymphomas (PT/NKCL) comprise a biologically diverse subgroup of rare non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas characterized by an aggressive clinical course and dismal outcomes.
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The use of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of PTCL remains controversial owing to the absence of randomized controlled trials.
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Careful consideration of disease biology, history of response to prior therapies, individual patient preferences, and overall treatment goals should guide treatment approaches for every patient.
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Improved understanding of unique biology of each subtype of PTCL and studies incorporating novel agents into treatment regimens may further identify which patients may benefit most from hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.