Classification: ICD-9 062; ICD-10 A83.2
Synonyms: None.
Agent: Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is an enveloped, single-stranded positive-sense RNA alphavirus, genus Alphavirus in the family Togaviridae, with four lineages: Group I is endemic in North America and the Caribbean and causes most human disease cases; the other three groups (IIA, IIB, and III) infrequently cause equine or human illness in Central and South America.
Reservoir: Principally wild birds in North America. Wild rodents, bats, reptiles, or amphibians may also be involved. Pheasants may serve as sentinels as they develop fatal disease. Chickens are more typically used as sentinels by detection of seroconversion.
Vector: Mosquitoes. In North America, Culiseta melanura bird-to-bird; Aedes or Coquillettidia spp. from bird to other vertebrates (including horses and humans). In South America, Culex spp.
Transmission: By mosquito bite. There is no direct person-to-person transmission.
Cycle: Culiseta melanura: bird to bird; Aedes or Coquillettidia
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