Classification: ICD-9 066.3; ICD-10 A92.8
Syndromes and synonyms: Bunyamwera encephalitis, Bunyamwera viral disease, Cache Valley encephalitis.
Agent: Bunyamwera group viruses are enveloped, single-stranded, RNA viruses genus Orthobunyavirus of the family Bunyaviridae (see also Bunyavirus Group C map). Bunyamwera group viruses that can cause human disease in Africa are: Bunyamwera virus (BUNV), Germiston virus (GERV), Ilesha virus (ILEV), Ngari virus (NRIV), and Shokwe virus. Cache Valley complex viruses (CVV) have been isolated from human cases in North America, but are not shown on this map.
Reservoir: Not completely understood; most Bunyamwera viruses are likely maintained in nature involving a transmission cycle with various small mammals (mainly wild rodents) as amplifying hosts and mosquitoes. African rodents replicate BUNV and develop viremia. Livestock (goats, sheep, cattle), horses and rodents are hosts for GERV as shown by seroprevalence studies. Amplifying hosts for CVV are mainly large mammals (caribou, deer, horses, sheep).
Vector: Many species of mosquitoes of the genera Aedes, Mansonia, Culex, and Anopheles.
Transmission: By mosquito bite.
Cycle
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