Classification: ICD-9 039; ICD-10 B47
Synonyms: Maduromycosis, Madura foot
Agent: There are two different groups of etiologic agents: fungi and bacteria. Fungal mycetoma is called eumycetoma, and at least 34 fungal species have been implicated. The fungi Madurella mycetomatis and Pseudallescheria boydii are the most common fungal causative agents of eumycetoma. Bacterial mycetoma is called actinomycetoma and at least 14 actinomycetes have been implicated, of which the bacterial species of Nocardia, Streptomyces and Actinomadura are the most common causative agents of actinomycetoma.
Reservoir: Soil, decaying vegetation.
Transmission: Through contamination of penetrating wounds (e.g. by thorns, splinters). There is no person-to-person transmission.
Cycle: Environment with occasional spillover to humans.
Incubation period: Months to years.
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