Classification: ICD-9 102.0 (yaws), 103.0 (pinta), 104.0 (endemic syphilis); ICD-10 A65 (endemic syphilis), A66 (yaws), A67 (pinta).

Syndromes and synonyms: Endemic syphilis (bejel, non-venereal) syphilis, pinta (carate), yaws (frambesia), non-venereal treponematosis.

Agent: Treponema pallidum ssp. endemicum (bejel), T. pallidum ssp. pertenue (yaws), and T. carateum (pinta), spirochetes that are morphologically and serologically similar to T. pallidum ssp. pallidum, the agent of syphilis.

Reservoir: Mainly humans; yaws is also found in non-human primates (baboons, chimpanzees, and gorillas).

Vector: Possibly mechanic transmission by non-biting flies (Hippelates pallipes) in the transmission of yaws.

Transmission: Direct transmission via skin to skin or oral contact (also via sharing drinking and eating utensils). Sharing of drinking vessels plays an important role in transmission of endemic syphilis in arid regions. There is little or no mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy.

Incubation period: Endemic syphilis and yaws: 2 weeks to 3 months; pinta: 18 weeks.

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