Classification: ICD-9 078.8; ICD-10 B33.8
Synonyms: Hendra virus disease, Nipah virus disease.
Agent: Hendra virus and Nipah virus are negative-stranded RNA viruses, and comprise the Henipavirus genus within the family Paramyxoviridae. Hendra virus was discovered in horses and stable staff in Australia in 1994, Nipah virus in pigs and pig farmers in the town Nipah, Malaysia, in 1999.
Reservoir: Primarily Old World fruit-eating bats, mainly in the family Pteropodidae.
Transmission: Hendra virus: through contact with infectious body fluids, including urine, saliva, and nasal discharge, or during autopsy of infected horses. Nipah virus: through contact with infectious body fluids, including bat saliva (on fallen fruit and in date palm sap), or droplets from coughing infected pigs. In Bangladesh, half of reported cases between 2001 and 2008 were due to human-to-human transmission.
Cycle: Bat to bat via unknown route. Humans and domestic animals are incidental hosts.
Incubation period: Varying from 4 to 45 days.
Clinical findings
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