Classification: ICD-9 078.6; ICD-10 A98.5
Syndromes and synonyms: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), Korean Hemorrhagic Fever, Hemorrhagic Nephrosonephritis, Nephropathia epidemica
Agent: Hantaviruses, a large group of different, enveloped, single-stranded, negative-sense viruses with a tripartite RNA genome, that belong to the Bunyaviridae family. Hantaviruses are named after the Hantan River area in South Korea, where the first hantavirus (Hantaan) was isolated in the 1970s. Old World and New World hantaviruses share high similarity in their genome and have comparable life cycles. Currently, there is no consensus on the classification of hantaviruses. Old World hantaviruses shown on the map are: Dobrava–Belgrade virus (DOBV), Hantaan virus (HTNV), Puumula virus (PUUV), and Saaremaa virus (SAAV). Seoul virus (SEOV) is not shown, it is world wide in major port cities.
Reservoir: HFRS is caused by Myodes-, Rattus-, and Apodemus-borne hantaviruses. Each virus has its particular host: Apodemus spp. (striped field mouse) for HTNV, DOBV and SAAV and Myodes (= Clethrionomys) for PUUV. SEOV infects Rattus norvegicus and can therefore be found world wide.
Transmission: By inhalation of aerosols from dried rodent excreta. Person-to-person transmission has not been reported.
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