Classification: ICD-9 065.0; ICD-10 A98.0
Synonyms: Congo fever, Congo–Crimean hemorrhagic fever, Central Asian hemorrhagic fever
Agent: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is an enveloped, spherical virus with a tripartite, single-stranded, negative sense RNA genome, belonging to the genus Nairovirus in the family Bunyaviridae. It has 7 genotypes distinguished by the small (S) segment of the RNA.
Reservoir: Hares, hedgehogs, wild mice, livestock, ostriches. Since hard ticks overwinter and can pass the virus transovarially, ticks also serve as reservoirs.
Vector: Hard ticks, principally Hyalomma spp., also Boophilus spp. and Rhipicephalus spp.
Transmission: By tick bite; larval ticks are carried on migrating birds, which are refractory to the virus. The virus is also spread among veterinarians, farmers, shepherds, butchers, and slaughter-house workers by contact with the blood of infected livestock. Person-to-person spread is by contact with infectious body fluids of patients.
Cycle: Tick–vertebrate–tick, with humans as incidental hosts.
Incubation period: 1–12 days, usually 3–7.
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