Classification: ICD-9 066.3; ICD-10 A92.1
Syndromes and synonyms: The name means ‘joint-breaker’ in the Acholi language of Africa.
Agent: O’nyong-nyong virus (ONNV), an enveloped RNA virus, genus Alphavirus in the family Togaviridae, closely related to chikungunya virus (CHIKV, see Chikungunya Fever map). Strains bear the names Gulu, Igbo-Ora, and SG650 viruses.
Reservoir: Unknown.
Vector: ONNV is transmitted by the African malaria vectors Anopheles funestus and An. gambiae, and probably other members of the complex.
Transmission: By mosquito bite. There is no direct person-to-person transmission documented, and no evidence of congenital transmission.
Cycle: Humans are viremic at a titer high enough to infect mosquitoes for up to 5 days after infection. The virus travels from the mosquito gut to the salivary glands in 5–7 days, depending on the ambient temperature (extrinsic incubation period), after which it can infect another human during feeding.
Incubation period: Estimated to be at least 8 days.
Clinical findings
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